The Siege and Capture of San Antonio

In October-December of 1835, rebellious Texans (who referred to themselves as â€Å"Texians†) laid siege to the city of San Antonio de Bà ©xar, the largest Mexican town in Texas. There were some famous names among the besiegers, including Jim Bowie, Stephen F. Austin, Edward Burleson, James Fannin, and Francis W. Johnson. After about a month and a half of siege, the Texians attacked in early December and accepted the Mexican surrender on December 9. War Breaks out in Texas​ By 1835, tensions were high in Texas. Anglo settlers had come from the USA to Texas, where land was cheap and plentiful, but they chafed under Mexican rule. Mexico was in a state of chaos, having only won its independence from Spain in 1821. Many of the settlers, in particular, the new ones who were flooding into Texas daily, wanted independence or statehood in the USA. Fighting broke out on October 2, 1835, when rebellious Texians opened fire on Mexican forces near the town of Gonzalez. March on San Antonio San Antonio was the most important town in Texas and the rebels wanted to capture it. Stephen F. Austin was named commander of the Texian army and immediately marched on San Antonio: he arrived there with some 300 men in mid-October. Mexican General Martà ­n Perfecto de Cos, brother-in-law of Mexican President Antonio Là ³pez de Santa Anna, decided to maintain a defensive position, and the siege began. The Mexicans were cut off from most supplies and information, but the rebels had little in the way of supplies as well and were forced to forage. The Battle of Concepcià ³n On October 27, militia leaders Jim Bowie and James Fannin, along with some 90 men, disobeyed Austins orders and set up a defensive encampment on the grounds of the Concepcià ³n mission. Seeing the Texians divided, Cos attacked at first light the next day. The Texians were greatly outnumbered but kept their cool and drove off the attackers. The Battle of Concepcià ³n was a great victory for the Texians and did much to improve morale. The Grass Fight On November 26, the Texians got word that a relief column of Mexicans was approaching San Antonio. Led once again by Jim Bowie, a small squad of Texans attacked, driving the Mexicans into San Antonio. The Texians found out that it was not reinforcements after all, but some men sent out to cut some grass for the animals trapped inside San Antonio. Although the â€Å"Grass Fight† was something of a fiasco, it helped convince the Texians that the Mexicans inside San Antonio were getting desperate. Who Will Go with Old Ben Milam Into Bexar? After the grass fight, the Texians were indecisive about how to proceed. Most of the officers wanted to retreat and leave San Antonio to the Mexicans, many of the men wanted to attack, and still others wanted to go home. Only when Ben Milam, a cranky original settler who had fought for Mexico against Spain, declared â€Å"Boys! Who will go with old Ben Milam into Bexar?† did the sentiment for attack become the general consensus. The attack began early on December 5. Assault on San Antonio The Mexicans, who enjoyed vastly superior numbers and a defensive position, did not expect an attack. The men were divided into two columns: one was led by Milam, the other by Frank Johnson. Texan artillery bombarded the Alamo and Mexicans who had joined the rebels and knew the town led the way. The battle raged in the streets, houses and public squares of the city. By nightfall, the rebels held strategic houses and squares. On the sixth of December, the forces continued to fight, with neither making significant gains. The Rebels Get the Upper Hand On the seventh of December, the battle began to favor the Texians. The Mexicans enjoyed position and numbers, but the Texans were more accurate and relentless. One casualty was Ben Milam, killed by a Mexican rifleman. Mexican General Cos, hearing that relief was on the way, sent two hundred men to meet them and escort them into San Antonio: the men, finding no reinforcements, quickly deserted. The effect of this loss on Mexican morale was enormous. Even when reinforcements did arrive on the eighth of December, they had little in the way of provisions or arms and therefore were not much help. End of the Battle By the ninth, Cos and the other Mexican leaders had been forced to retreat to the heavily fortified Alamo. By now, Mexican desertions and casualties were so high that the Texians now outnumbered the Mexicans in San Antonio. Cos surrendered, and under the terms, he and his men were allowed to leave Texas with one firearm apiece, but they had to swear never to return. By December 12, all the Mexican soldiers (except for the most gravely wounded) had disarmed or left. The Texians held a raucous party to celebrate their victory. The Aftermath of the Siege of San Antonio de Bexar The successful capture of San Antonio was a big boost to the Texian morale and cause. From there, some Texans even decided to cross into Mexico and attack the town of Matamoros (which ended in disaster). Still, the successful attack on San Antonio was, after the Battle of San Jacinto, the rebels biggest victory in the Texas Revolution. The city of San Antonio belonged to the rebels...but did they really want it? Many of the leaders of the independence movement, such as General Sam Houston, did not. They pointed out that most of the settlers homes were in eastern Texas, far from San Antonio. Why hold a city they did not need? Houston ordered Bowie to demolish the Alamo and abandon the city, but Bowie disobeyed. Instead, he fortified the city and the Alamo. This led directly to the bloody Battle of the Alamo on March 6, in which Bowie and nearly 200 other defenders were massacred. Texas would finally gain its independence in April  1836, with the Mexican defeat at the battle of San Jacinto. Sources: Brands, H.W. Lone Star Nation: New York: Anchor Books, 2004.the Epic Story of the Battle for Texas Independence. Henderson, Timothy J. A Glorious Defeat: Mexico and its War with the United States.New York: Hill and Wang, 2007.

The Impact Of Organizational Ambidexterity On The...

â€Å"Organizational ambidexterity refers to an organization’s ability to be efficient in its management of today’s business and also adaptable for coping with tomorrow’s changing demand. Just as being ambidextrous means being able to use both the left and right hand equally, organizational ambidexterity requires the organizations to use both exploration and exploitation techniques, to be successful.† Ambidexterity allows the organization to be creative and adaptable, while continuing to use traditional methods of operating. Exploration involves searching for new opportunities and capabilities. This includes innovation which also includes a level of risk but this innovation leads to a competitive advantage, whereas exploitation involves implementation of existing opportunities and capabilities. Companies that focus only on exploration face the risk of wasting resources on ideas that may not prove useful or never be developed eg. â€Å"Kodak excelled at film photography but has not been able to make the leap to digital cameras†. On the other hand, companies that focus only on exploitation may accept minimum performance and products and fail to reach optimal levels of success. Therefore there has to be a balance between the two strategies within the organization. An organization that is successful in using both exploiting and exploring strategies is termed ambidextrous. Such an organization is able to separate its exploratory units from its exploitative ones thus leading toShow MoreRelatedAn Effective Customer Relationship Management ( Crm )1061 Words   |  5 PagesEFFECTIVE CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT (CRM) STRATEGY SHOULD ENCOMPASS RANGE OF ACTIVITIES INCLUDING CUSTOMER CENTRIC SERVICES AND PRODUCT DESIGN, IT ALSO PLAN ON WORKING SOFTWARE CAPABLE OF TRACKING, AUTOMATING, ORGANIZING COMMUNICATION WITH CUSTOMERS. IN CRM SOFTWARE IS A CLASS OF PROGRAMMING THAT COVERS AN EXPANSIVE ARRANGEMENT OF APPLICATIONS AND SOFTWARE INTENDED TO HELP ORGANIZATIONS OVERSEE CUSTOMER INFORMATION AND CUSTOMER COOPERATION , ACCESS BUSINESS DATA, AUTOMATED SALES, MARKETINGRead MoreIntended And Emergent Essay2748 Words   |  11 Pagesï » ¿Evaluate the suitability of the emergent and intended approaches to strategic management for Tesco One of the world’s largest retailers operating in 12 different countries and with over 500,000 employees is Tesco PLC (Tesco, 2014). Tesco’s states their strategic priorities as to continue their investment in the strong UK businesses, establish a multichannel leadership and to pursue disciplined international growth (Tesco, 2014). In any company, strategy plays a key part in its success or failureRead MoreNew Developments in Technology Management7684 Words   |  31 PagesAcademy of Management Learning Education, 2009, Vol. 8, No. 3, 324 –336. ........................................................................................................................................................................ New Developments in Technology Management Education: Background Issues, Program Initiatives, and a Research Agenda PHILLIP H. PHAN The Johns Hopkins University DONALD S. SIEGEL University at Albany, SUNY MIKE WRIGHT Nottingham University Business SchoolRead MoreUk / Sustainability Stories Reading Lm )2055 Words   |  9 PagesThe word sustainability has been defined ‘as the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their needs’ (Mansdorf, 2010). True Food Co-operatives in UK is a community owned business which specializes in the sale of eco-friendly household products, organic food and vegetables (Thompson, 2011). The company sells the products weekly in the neighborhood markets, and has implemented the unique strategy of selling 90 of their products

Should Juvenile Be Charged as Adults in Criminal Cases Free Essays

string(97) " and also to help them join in on the rules of and behaviors of local communities \(Murphy 53\)\." Should Juvenile Be Charged as Adults in Criminal Cases? Robert Horn Post University The purpose of the Adult Criminal Justice system is to punish offenders according to the severity of the crime committed. The juvenile justice system’s aim is to rehabilitate or mentor the juvenile offenders, in the hope that they can prevent further crimes, and to change their behavior. The motivating principle of the juvenile system is rehab. We will write a custom essay sample on Should Juvenile Be Charged as Adults in Criminal Cases or any similar topic only for you Order Now The reason for this is because juveniles are not fully developed, mentally or physically. Many Juvenile offenders come from broken homes, been abused, or come from bad neighborhoods. Juvenile offenders need a second chance, because they have not even received a first chance. Rehabilitation is the best option for them because of the way they would be exploited and turned into criminals if they were sent directly to prison. If given the chance, the Juvenile Justice System can aid in successfully rehabilitating youthful offenders so they are not inclined to commit future crimes. With this reasoning, juveniles cannot be blamed or accountable for their actions the same way adults are. The Justice System fulfills and important function by establishing standards of conduct. It defines what is right and wrong for people and removes them from the responsibility of taking vengeance out on those who wronged them, which deters the escalation of feuds in the community. The Justice System also protects the rights of citizens by establishing and honoring the principle that freedom shouldn’t be denied without a good reason. Rehabilitation does have its objective: to return offenders to their communities as cured members of the society. Efforts in the 1980’s and 1990’s were unsuccessful. There was no one program that was more effective in the effort to rehabilitate youthful offenders than any other program. Because of this, a large portion of released offenders continued to return (Murphy 49). This led many people to believe that the best alternative was to simply remove offenders from the community, preventing vexation and exploitation. Because criminals are more often considered to be inclined to commit crimes than those never convicted of a crime, it follows that some benefits will be derived from incarcerating convicted criminals. The potential of incarceration is great as a method of crime control if it is only a few hardened criminals who commit the most crimes. If those criminals can be identified, sentenced, and incarcerated for long periods of time, there would be a significant reduction in crime. Most supports of correctional reform have this view on the population of criminals. Blame for most of the crimes committed is most often place on a relatively few predatory, compulsive individuals thought to commit a large number of crimes each year (Newburn 54). The last and final goal of this reform movement is reestablishing retribution. Retribution is the most moral of all penal goals. There is an element of rage included because the victim deserves the right to be repaid with pain for the harm suffered. Justice is achieved when the punished given to the offender is equal to the level of harm coming from the criminal act. Consequently, social balance is reestablished and maintained within the society. When it comes to juvenile offenders, the rules are thrown out the window. There is a separate legal system for them and they are also categorized differently. By federal standards, any juvenile who is under the age of 18 who has committed a crime is a juvenile delinquent. This is a decision that society has made. Society believes that there are important and serious differences between adults and juveniles. A one-size-fits-all approach is not wanted and will make the situation worse. Juvenile offenders are easiest to influence and are also the easiest to bend. It is believed that the actions a juvenile criminal might be influenced by outside sources such as neglect from parents, bad living conditions, or poor relationships with the family. Because of these factors, rehabilitation is a popular and attractive option in dealing with juveniles. Many of the rehabilitation programs ask that juvenile offenders with behavior problems meet with adult tutors to produce a stable, trustworthy friendship, which is expected to influence juveniles and to reduce their anti-social behavior (Maruna and Ward 33). Such a change in behavior is ade possible due to the trust and friendship between juvenile and adult – who can listen and care about the problems the juveniles may have, a role model, good advice giver, etc. In such a way, these mentoring programs may play a part on juvenile crime reduction. The goal of rehabilitation is to create law-abiding behavior and to encourage juveniles to know the consequences of what they do and to become law-abidin g citizens. It can be a challenging process because it requires the use of the proverbial carrot and stick. The use of coercion and socialization is seen in child rising. With young children, coercion is the only effective control. If a small child goes into the street, the child is disciplined and is told if he or she does it again, they will be punished again. These threats tend to be only effective when they are accepted; otherwise, people seek ways to bend the rules, or may blatantly disobey prohibitions. By sending such juveniles to prison my not prove to be an effective deterrent. Rather, it may be more effective to understand the socialization process of a juvenile, and try to re-wire it while the young person is still malleable. Vedder explains this: To use sociological lingo: the juvenile acquires the delinquent behavior as he does any other cultural trait of the cultural heritage passed on to him by his group conformist delinquency, stressing the fact the child becomes delinquent through conforming with the behavior pattern in his group† (9) Positive adult guidance, understanding, and support can divert young offenders and also criminals from involvement in crimes and acts of disobedience and also to help them join in on the rules of and behaviors of local communities (Murphy 53). You read "Should Juvenile Be Charged as Adults in Criminal Cases" in category "Essay examples" To put it another way: what young offenders need are good adult role models. This can be found in quality rehabilitation programs. Most young offenders have started off on the wrong path, and they imitate the most irresponsible or abusive members of their social set or family. With proper guidance and role models, juveniles can begin to adjust their behavior. It is important to know that instead of looking at rehabilitation programs as a form of punishment, young offenders taking part of such programs should now that they are voluntary and consider them a positive opportunity to change their lives for the best. Such understanding does not come at once. The rehabilitation process can be a long, with juveniles provided with meetings, instructions, training and conferences. By providing juveniles with a positive adult role model, supervision, and continual training, mentoring programs aim to reduce the risk of a drift into numerous crimes. These of course, are not the exclusive means of rehabilitation. It may be suitable to mix a softer approach with detention in a Juvenile Center or to take similar action. The carrot and stick is again a key analogy. Detention applied to juvenile offenders has been debated for years. Its advocates argue that it would prevent crime by detaining those offenders that are likely to re-offend (Russel 85). Its adversaries claim that it is unfair because it allows a judge to make a choice about a person’s future behavior. Because no one can accurately predict behavior, particularly criminality, the chances of mistakes are large (Maruna and Ward 83). During the rehabilitation period, the type of sentencing most used is the indeterminate sentence. Legislatures have set wide ranges for sentencing, and judges measure out minimums and maximums that have a wide range. This allows personnel in corrections the discretion of releasing offenders once they are reformed. No one other than correctional authorities cared for this system. Inmates did not like it because their release depended on the whims of the parole board, and the inmates never knew for sure when they would be released (Russel 61). Judges and the public did not like it because the prison term served was never the same as the actual sentence and was almost always shorter. Juvenile laws stipulate that if a young criminal committed a serious crime, they could be â€Å"waived† to the adult court system. The number of â€Å"waived† juveniles each year comes out to be around 8,000 (Deitch). This â€Å"waiver† system is used in all states except for Nebraska, New York, and New Mexico. The only time in these states when the â€Å"waiver† is applied is crimes that include murders or intentional killing of several people. After examining the case, judges decided whether the juvenile should be tried as a juvenile or an adult. There are new laws specifying set lengths of sentences for juvenile offenses that allow for modification of the time served based on circumstances associated with a given incident (Russel 66). In some cases, a youth offender gets sentenced to five years, but he or she is only 15 at the time, he or she will not be transferred to the adult prison. Law states that a young offender should be detained in a special jail with other offenders until the age of 18 (Murphy). While most young offenders are worthy of rehabilitation, society states that some are not. There are criminals of all ages who should be imprisoned due to the nature of their crimes. To say that the best way to deal with juveniles is to rehabilitate them is not to say that this method is perfect or will it work in every case. It is the best choice, due to the consideration of issues at hand. Depending on the severity of the crime, and the history of the offender, there are some instances where the age of the offender does not matter. In 2006, in Omaha Nebraska, Cameron Williams is facing up to 110 years in prison for second-degree murder attempts and also using a weapon to commit a felony. Cameron Williams is 16 years old, and is being charged in the adult courts due to his troublesome past and the â€Å"serious nature of his crime. † (Khan, 2010) In 1999, Lionel Tate, at the time 12, was the youngest juvenile offender in American history to be sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole. Tate was charged for the death of a 6 year old while practicing wrestling moves on her. Such instances of these arrests show that depending on the severity of the crime, being a youth doesn’t matter in sentencing. (Reaves, 2001) Rehabilitation is part of a policy for young offenders who have entered the criminal justice system. The policies and programs, which help juveniles to escape imprisonment, are parole and probation. Restriction of the opportunity for parole and probation are often accompanied by new sentencing legislation. Many states have made it difficult to be placed on probation for certain offenses and impossible for serious ones. Parole, which is defined as the conditional early release from prison under supervision in the community, has been restricted in many states. A return to determinacy and the abandonment of rehabilitation eliminates the need for parole, which, in theory, was designed to help the young offender prepare to reenter the community (Murphy 71). However, parole serves as another important function in controlling inmates in prison, and is one of the few rewards that can be manipulated. Because of this reason, many states have retained it. The Administration of parole has been changed so that the sentence rather than the paroling authority determines the date of the parole hearing. Good Behavior Credit for time served-receiving extra credit for time served while maintaining good behavior-is another form of reward used in prison to control the inmates. Because of the way it reduces the amount of time an individual will serve, and modifies the original sentence; many states have considered eliminating it. However, heavy protesting against the legislation by correctional personnel has prevented its elimination. Young people are less responsible and more malleable than adults. Many juvenile offenders who break the law have come from broken homes and abusive families. Some have never received the support that they deserve. Because they are young, and have many years ahead of them, our society has chosen to separate them from adult criminals, and to make an effort to rehabilitate them. This makes senses, because the cost of retribution is simply too much in many of their cases, and the burden on the criminal justice system and our moral compass would be insupportable. References Crow, J. The Treatment and Rehabilitation of Offenders. Sage Publications Ltd, 2001 Deitch, Michele, et. al. From Time Out to Hard Time: Young Children in the Adult Criminal Justice System, Austin, TX: The University of Texas at Austin, LBJ School of Public Affairs, 2009. Khan, K. (2010, July 12). Juvenile justice: Too young for life in prison?. Retrieved from http://abcnews. go. com/Politics/life-prison-juvenile-offenders-adult-courts/story? id=11129594 Maruna, S. , Ward, T. Rehabilitation (Key Ideas in Criminology). Routledge; New edition, 2007. Murphy, J. G. Punishment and Rehabilitation. Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1999. Newburn, T. Criminology. Willan Publishing, 2007. Reaves, J. (2001, May 17). Should the law treat kids and adults differently?. Retrieved from http://www. time. com/time/nation/article/0,8599,110232,00. html Russel, C. Alternatives to Prison: Rehabilitation and Other Programs (Incarceration Issues: Punishment, Reform, and Rehabilitation). Mason Crest Publishers; Library Binding edition, 2006. Vedder, C. B. The Juvenile Offender: Perspective and Readings. Random House, 2002. How to cite Should Juvenile Be Charged as Adults in Criminal Cases, Essay examples

Office Depot Inc Financial Report free essay sample

Financial Report for Office Depot, Inc. During In the year 2011, in the financial report ending December 31, 2011, Office Depot Incorporated reported a decrease in the accounts payable of the company; showing that the amounts went from 1,080,276 on December 25, 2010 down to 993. 636 on December 31, 2011. The amount shown previously are in USD currency and in thousands, unless otherwise is specified in the financial statement. Some of the previous agreements arranged by the company were fulfilled and closed by the payments made throughout the year. The company was in compliance with all applicable financial covenants of existing loan agreements at December 31, 2011. Comparing both 2011 and 2010 financial statements, the difference in the notes or accounts payable were considerable, showing the way the company follow their part of the agreement on the amounts borrowed from different lenders. The Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2011 reflects the net earnings of an amount of $95,691. The financial statement ended December 25, 2010 shows an amount of net earnings (loss) of $46,205 which was a loss from the most current year and finally showing the net earnings (loss) of financial statement ending on December 26, 2009 shows an even higher loss of 8,724. We will write a custom essay sample on Office Depot Inc Financial Report or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The company requires a quarterly financial statement when it comes to revenues and in the year 2011, reported the net revenues as follows: 1st quarter, a loss of $5,390; 2nd quarter, another loss

A Personalised Induction Will Always Be More Effective free essay sample

I do not believe the statement on the front of this essay to be true. I believe that in some cases this may be needed, but not always. I think it depends on the client and what their individual needs are. A personalised induction allows for a much more personal approach and this is provided with this type of induction. However, in many cases this is not necessary or possible. For example, group therapy or self help CD’s to help you quit smoking or help you sleep. A generic induction can also work as an ice breaker for clients who want help but are afraid of sharing too much personal information with the therapist at the start of treatment. Some clients find it hard to trust their therapist and some just do not trust hypnosis. I believe there are arguments for both sides the personalised induction and the generic screed. We will write a custom essay sample on A Personalised Induction Will Always Be More Effective or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I do not believe either is better or worse than the other, they are as effective as each other but in different ways. Personalised Induction A personalised induction is a hypnotic induction tailored to suit a specific client. They are used by therapists because people are individuals and deserve the personal touch. There are many reasons why a personalised induction needs to be carried out; it will give you some very useful information on the client. Firstly, it is very important to ascertain the mental health of the client. A hypnotherapist must never work with anyone who has or has had psychosis. If the client is on any kind of psychological medication or has a history of mental health, then the hypnotherapist will need to get written permission from the client’s doctor to carry out any therapy. Secondly, it is also important to confirm the physical aspects of the client and whether they are pregnant or suffer from epilepsy. However, in many cases you can only go by the information the client provides you, which is why it is important for you as a therapist to be aware of the client’s appearance and how they react on the outside, as this will be a reflection of their internal self. Everybody has individual characters and personalities which differentiate in many ways, both internally and externally, despite superficial similarities. We have different likes and dislikes. We come from culturally diverse background and religions. Our upbringing will have provided us with a particular set of values and standards. In order to carry out an effective induction we should ideally include as many of the likes and very few if any of the dislikes in a person’s life. The idea of the induction is to put the person at ease, as explained in an earlier essay relaxation is the key to an effective induction. During the initial consultation it is important to obtain the relevant information and find out the history of a person in order to personalise an induction. However, a person’s preferences and modalities are not always fixed and sometimes situations change and too much can be presumed after an initial consultation, this means that inductions have to remain flexible. By understanding your client, and having an idea of which modality they favour will help them and you feel more comfortable. The Hypnotherapist may use a variety of means to discover what type of induction will be most appropriate. They will take notes on the client’s appearance, noting such things like colour of their clothing, body language, speech pattern, lateral eye movement and lifestyle. Personality and behavioural traits will also assist when compiling an induction (Chrysalis client screed assessment sheet will help). All the above are essential because it is estimated that about only 7% of communication is through the words we use, with tone and volume coming in second at 38%, and 55% is through body language (hypnosis and mental health). As the client will most likely have their eyes shut throughout an induction the hypnotherapist will lose over half of their opportunity to communicate. Techniques There are two generally recognised techniques of hypnotic induction that the therapist will use to induce the client into a state of relaxation, Authoritarian and Permissive. The Authoritarian technique is commanding and direct. Its purpose is to establish control over the client and alter behaviour through the use of repetitious commands. This approach was used in early experiments because hypnotists believed that the authority they had over their client increased their chance of success (hypnosis for change: 26). The phrases used are: Close your eyes now or you will listen to my voice and my voice will make you relax. Dave Elman was an influential figure in the Authoritarian approach. Elman was born in North Dakota on the 6 May 1900. As a teenager Elman became an entertainer, he was a talented saxophone and violin player. He also staged hypnosis acts, this was however short lived. In 1948 Elman was producing a charity event when the main act cancelled, to fill the gap left, Elman preformed a hypnosis act. Much to the applause of a group of doctors, who asked Elman to teach them his approach? The authoritarian approach that Elman used almost seemed to bridge a gap between stage hypnosis and hypnotherapy. Stage hypnosis uses very direct and sharp techniques. Elman incorporated these approaches to make a therapy. Although this approach may seem domineering, it only creates an illusion of the therapist being in control. The client has to be willing to be told what to do, so therefore the client is actually in full control and can stop the therapy at anytime. The Permissive technique employs a softer tone of voice to lull the client into relaxation. In contrast to the authoritarian technique, the hypnotist and the client are equal partners in the process. More imagery is used to enhance suggestions, and greater responsibility is given to the client (hypnosis for change: 27). The phrases used are: You may like to close your eyes or you may like to move around a little. Milton Erickson was born in 1901 in Nevada. Erickson was an influential man in the permissive approach. He used an unconventional approach to hypnosis, Erickson believed that by allowing people to participate in their own therapy this would allow them to take ownership of the changes and suggestions being made to them. Erickson used therapeutic metaphors and stories like scripts instead of orders in his therapy. This approach also allowed the clients to move at their own speed. Modalities Modalities play a big part in delivering an induction, and as such during the initial consultation with a client the hypnotherapist will pay particular attention to everything the client says, their actions and their personality. The Visual, Auditory and Kinaesthetic (VAK) are the three main modalities with Olfactory, Gustatory and Auditory Digital being the remainder. Each of the modalities are present in a person’s physiology, language, behaviour, social and working life and also in their lateral eye movement (LEM). Lateral eye movements are thought to show the response to the type of thinking we need to employ in order to access certain information. Each of the modalities has their own LEM and use of words: Visual thinking people have a tendency to daydream, fantasise and imagine, and they generally speak faster in a high but clear tone. They may hold their body in a less relaxed way and the LEM for this modality are likely to be defocused or looking up to the left or right. They look up to the right when they are forming images, maybe making something up and look to the persons left when they are actually remembering images. Effective language in a screed for this modality would use words like look, imagine, watch, bright and would include phrases like I see what you mean, the future looks bright or looks good to me. Auditory thinking people have a tendency to imagine sounds such as music and speech and they often have a melodious voice style. They may tilt their head to one side and exhibit rhythmic body movement at times. The LEM for this modality will be around the horizontal midline, looking to the person’s right when they are constructing sounds and looking to the left when they are remembering sounds. Effective language in a screed for this modality would use words like say, remarks, discuss and would include phrases like loud and clear, that sounds good or I hear what you are saying. Kinaesthetic thinking people have a tendency to want to touch everything and may have a soft or lower tone to their voice. They may have rounded shoulders and the LEM for this modality will usually be to look down to the right. Effective language in a screed for this modality would use words like touch, smooth, gentle, move, and warm and would include phrases like I know how you feel or put your finger on it or hold on a moment. The other modalities that could be used are Olfactory, which means smell and Gustatory, which means taste. A personalised induction can be very beneficial for the client as it is tailored to suit each person’s modality and whether they prefer a permissive or authoritative induction. It also aims to include the client’s likes, and avoids their dislikes. The more the client likes are incorporated into the induction, the more the client relaxes the more successful the treatment will be. Also eliminating any undesired distractions like outside noise and having to stop the induction to visit the toilet, would avoid the client from having their anxieties raised, as this will reduce the effectiveness of the hypnotic induction. As you have read there are many advantages to a personalised induction, but what are the disadvantages? Firstly there is the length of time it takes to create a personalised induction; this can be a very lengthy process. Secondly, not all hypnotherapy is carried out on a one to one basis, for instance it can be used in group therapy for weight loss or to stop smoking. The therapist would not be able to use a personalised induction in this setting, as everybody in the group would be at different levels of need, and so need different things from the induction. Finally, hypnotherapy treatment can be pre-recorded, duplicated, for example DVD or CD, and can be distributed to reach a larger audience, so a personalised induction would not be suitable in this instance. Other things that need to be considered are that the client’s preferences may not be fixed, and so could change from one session to the next, which would mean having to rewrite the induction. Conclusion At the start of this essay I believe that a personalised induction was not needed all the time and a generic screed would fit all. However, after reading and researching about personalised inductions, I now believe that a personalised induction will always be more effective where there is a one to one session for all of the reasons I have stated. There is however, still a danger of spending too much time on a personalised induction, only to find that when you next see that individual, events in their lives may have changed meaning that the induction you have done for them is now inappropriate. In this respect I believe a hypnotherapist should be flexible and open-minded when carrying out the induction. I believe it cannot tell us absolutely everything you will ever need to know about the client. I also believe that there is an element of the therapist in the induction as they us their skills when speaking to the client at the first meeting. I feel that the permissive and authoritarian styles will generally be quite easy to establish and sometimes a client’s job will also give this away. For example if someone is in the armed forces they would probably respond well to an authoritarian induction but you can never assume anything.

The Scarlet Letter4 essays

The Scarlet Letter4 essays The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorn begins by dealing with Hester Prynnes crime and sentence. She shows herself to be a proud woman in how she embroiders her bright red A with golden thread to be displayed to her community. She is a skilled seamstress and she doesnt seem, despite her disgrace, to be afraid to show that about herself. When she walked down the street from the prison to the scaffold, the narrator talks about her realization of how foolish and cowardly she would be if she were to try to hide her mark with the product of her sin, her baby girl. She carries off her initial sentence of being showcased on the scaffold with as much dignity as possible for anyone in such a situation. The reactions of the people were interesting to me; their strong feelings against Hester being permitted to live startled me. I realized what a sort of culture and religion ruled in those times. Also, I couldnt quite imagine being in Hesters position with the kind of disgrace she was f aced with. The narrator describes Hester as totally losing her womanly appeal and beauty over the seven years of condemnation. Roger Chillingworth confused me greatly until near the conclusion of the book. When he visited Hester I was surprised that he wanted to treat her instead of trying to harm her, but then later realized his motives. He wanted no one in the community to learn that there was any relationship between Hester and himself at all; harming her would have raised suspicions. This was vital to his plan of revenge on Mr. Dimmesdale. At first I thought that Chillingworth might have tried to seek revenge against Hester, but then came to the conclusion that he viewed her public disgrace as more punishment than he could ever have managed. Chillingworths revenge ...

Ancient Goddesses of the Middle East Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Ancient Goddesses of the Middle East - Essay Example However, during the past few thousand years, women have experienced marginalization from their power source. In the male dominated religions such as Judaism, Christianity and Islam, the female aspect of the Creator has been put aside. History reveals that remnants of the Goddess worshippers were annihilated because they were considered witches. It is alarming to note also that it was all done in the name of a loving God.1 By 4500 BC, the European continent hosted a flourishing group of Goddess worshipping cultures. Over the preceding two millennia, from about 6500 BC to 4500 BC, these cultures had undergone a peaceful evolution, and by the end of this time achieved what could properly be called a Golden Age of Old European civilization. They produced arts and crafts of remarkable quality. Communities achieved populations of many thousands and were laid out in a planned manner. Towns were located at consistently even distances from each other, with larger cities acting as religious and trade centers. According to Curtis, the peoples of this era believe and practice their religion in all aspects of their lives such as life, death, regeneration that is embodied in the female power, that is, the Goddess. Proof of this are the figurines and sculptures, the burial rites, the rich religious symbolism that were rampant during that age. Religion was so much a part of their lives that even ordinary chores like weaving was done inside the temples. It is almost common knowledge that in the present-day witchcraft, the central figure is a woman, the Goddess or the Great Mother. She represents life and fertility. She symbolizes the living force that connects all things in nature and the whole universe. She serves both as the creator and the destroyer. She is also called the Queen of Heaven as well as the moon. The Great Mother is endowed with magical powers and is often associated with feelings, intuition and the psychic faculty. Scholars agree that the Goddess is supposed to be without gender, however within the universe both the male and the female principles do exist. Furthermore, both in the Goddess worship both the male and the female principles are acknowledged.3 It is also recorded that, the Goddess has many features, titles and characteristics. At present however, particularly in witchcraft and Neo-paganism, she is worshipped as the triple Goddess such as the Virgin, the Mother and the Crone. Record shows that goddess worship dates back to Paleolithic times. Many anthropologists believe that the first "God" or gods of the peoples were feminine in nature. There is the so-called self-fertilization such as the ones mentioned in ancient creation myths and beliefs that all things came to order through this method. It means that there was no participation of a male counterpart and that the Goddess did all the creation by herself. Thus, it can be noted that the agricultural rituals and religions acknowledge that the gods were only successful because of the blessings of wisdom and goodness from the Great Goddess. This is evident in the existence of many matriarchal societies and tribes in the past. However, no concrete evidence can pinpoint that either of the gods or goddesses are superior to the other. The Great Goddess does not lord it over the male gods. In other

Absorption costing and marginal costing compared Assignment

Absorption costing and marginal costing compared - Assignment Example In contrast to this, marginal costing, which is also called variable costing, takes into account only the variable cost as product cost for the calculation of profit. The profit calculation under this method involves two stages, namely contribution and profit. Contribution is the difference between sales proceeds and variable costs. The calculation of contribution is essential in certain types of firms where there are many period costs and also it is necessary to calculate the costs of each product and / or department or process. Once contribution is ascertained, the next step is the computation of profit of the business, which represents the overall profits of all product, department or process, by deducting fixed expenses from the contribution so achieved. If the contribution exceeds the fixed costs, the resultant figure is known as profit. When it is negative, the firm is incurring a loss. There are also chances of both contribution and fixed expenses being the same, such a situat ion is called no profit no loss point or technically, break-even point. Under absorption costing, all costs whether fixed or variable are treated as product costs. The cost units are made to bear the burden of full costs even though fixed costs are period costs and have no relevance to current operations. Under the marginal costing technique, however, only variable costs are treated as product costs and the fixed costs are transferred to costing profit and loss account in full to be deducted from the contribution to ascertain profit/loss Under absorption costing technique, inventories of work-in-progress and finished goods are treated at full costs, while marginal costing values finished and work-in-progress inventory at their variable cost. Naturally, the method of valuation has the effect of carrying over fixed cost to the subsequent period under absorption costing and this will not happen in the case of marginal

Sociology Assignments ( Just Paraphrase ) Essay

Sociology Assignments ( Just Paraphrase ) - Essay Example Thus, it is unethical to force people to act against their will if they do not want to be part of the study. I will advise him to seek consent from the fraternity members. Failure to do so will compromise the quality of the study since there is no one who should be forced to participate in a study or secretly recorded since this should be voluntary. If you are asked to electrocute a stranger by Hitler, would you do it? Morally, it is not good to do something evil or harmful to another person fully knowing so I will refuse and would rather let him execute his evil intention alone. Scenario – Milgram’s critics are accusing him of exposing both innocent and naiive subjects under unfavorable emotional strain and pressure in his quest to gain knowledge through uncouth means. However, he justifies his actions by highlighting the difference between his naà ¯ve subjects and the man in the electronic chair. He argues that the naà ¯ve subject is free to leave unlike the man in the electric chair who is helpless therefore cannot move. The argument by his critics is more convincing since good research should not expose the research subjects to harm or emotional stress. The naà ¯ve subject is unsophisticated therefore cannot be used as a reliable source of data in a research. He was supposed to inform his subjects about his intended experiment and then reach a consensus. A good researcher does not use unethical means to gather data or to manipulate the data to suit his hypothesis. A good researcher always avoids bias. A good research on the other hand is not biased and it follows proper procedures where no one is harmed. A research can be defined as a carefully designed study that uses scientific methods to collect data in a bid to get answers from a particular area that is being investigated. The findings from the data collected are usually based on theory as well as the hypothesis of the study. There are

The Media And Entertainment Information Technology Essay

The Media And Entertainment Information Technology Essay The Media and Entertainment industry is that sector of business which provides consumers the service and products which keep them updates as well as busy. This sector includes print media, television, radio, film entertainment, video games and casinos. Today this industry can is heavily dependent on the technology. Thus, media and entertainment industry and technology grow hand in hand. The evolution of this industry has brought into practise new business practises and technologies. Enterprise Resource Planning Enterprise Resource planning is a computer based system to integrate business management practises and latest technology. The system integrates various processes of an organisation and helps to achieve the goal of the organisation. Thus, ERP includes the following components; Business Management Practises, Information Technology and Business objectives. In other words, ERP is software that helps in collecting and distributing scattered information across the various departments of an organisation. Thus, at the heart of ERP is centralized data server to acquire information from and supply information to other servers in each department. ERP software architecture includes the various enterprise functions. It includes Human Resources, Supply Chain Management, Customer Relationship Management, Finance/Accounts and Manufacturing. Formerly, ERP were used in large scale industries. But today ERP is used in all kinds of organisation irrespective of field and scale of operation. Advantages It establishes a perfect integration of all the functional areas. The system streamlines various business processes and workflows. There is smooth flow of information across various departments of the organisation. There is an increase in efficiency, performance and productive levels by the use of ERP. It helps in taking decisions, thus enhances forecasting. Improve customer service and satisfaction. The Ideal ERP System An ERP is considered to be ideal if it integrates all the below mentioned processes of the organisation: Manufacturing: Engineering, material planning, production processes, resource planning, workflow management, quality control etc. Financials: Accounts, fixed assets, ledger, cash management and billing. Human Resource: Recruitment, training, labour rules, attendance, payroll, compensations Supply Chain Management: -Inventory management, sales order administration, supply chain planning, supplier scheduling, supply transportation and distribution. Customer Relationship Management: Service, commissions, sales and marketing, customer contact and sales support. Data Warehouse: Information storehouse that can be accessed by organisation, suppliers, customers and employees. ERP Vendors Case Study Company: Melco Crown Entertainment ERP Software: Microsoft ® Dynamicsà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ AX 2009 ERP Solution Company Overview: Melco Crown Entertainment is owner and developer of casino resort in Macau. The company got listed in NASDAQ in 2006 raising in excess of US$1.14 billion in the process. The company aims to provide the best entertainment experience in Macau. It has 40 different business entities. The company has various properties like City of Dreams, which fulfils the companys goal. The company is one of the largest employers in Macau with more than 10,000 employees. Business Challenge: The company had no prior experience in using a ERP system for all its 40 business entities. Each department functioned on its own. As Melco got listed on NASDAQ it faced strict requirements to meet in the global market. Further, Melco had to meet the requirements of Macau gambling regulations. Thus, Melco Crown Entertainment Needed an ERP which could comply to all this rules. The companys HR and Finance faced challenges due to the heterogeneous nature of business. The time consumed was more and increase in the number of employees made it difficult and costly to support. Further, the nature of business made the company realise the need of better data visibility and management. Thus, the company needed a centralised knowledge management and timely access to business data. Also, the company wanted to improve its productivity and security. The company had a very short time meet all these challenges and implement a ERP solution due to its other on-going projects. Solution: The company studied and analysed three different ERP products. But it was Microsoft Dynamics AX that suited the most for Melco Crown Entertainment. In the words of Mr. Roger Seshadri, Senior Vice President and Chief Information Officer, Melco Crown Entertainment, Microsoft Dynamics AX 2009 ERP Solution has all the ingredients of a world-class enterprise product. We wanted an ERP system with excellent usability and good bang for our buck. Dynamics was the clear choice. Microsoft Dynamic AX Microsoft Dynamic AX is the most easy to use enterprise resource planning solution for small and large scale organisation. It provides the user with software tools which are compatible with tools used every day like MS office. This ERP software makes people in organisation work more efficiently, manage data and gives a competitive edge in global market. For companies in the media and entertainment business, the advancement in technology and era of digital media has brought immense complexity to the industry. Organisations that continue with outdated business management solution may fail to survive in this market. Thus, Microsoft Dynamic AX is one business solution that has helped this industry in the following manner: It manages resources more efficiently. It helps in keeping track of production crew, talent, and other tangible resources more efficiently It reduces cost of operation by reducing the manpower. Various business intelligence tools help produce project report, graphs easily. The software integrates data from all the various aspects of media industry. Thus, giving the company better data visibility and provides information when required. Media industry is constantly in touch with its customers though it products and service. Microsoft Dynamic fosters betters relationship between the organisation and its customers by maintaining proper track of their order and customer satisfaction. Impact on Melco Crown Entertainment: The implementation of Microsoft Dynamic ERP solution overcame all challenges faced by the organisation. This software was a great success for Melco Crown. Today, success of Melco Crown can also be attributed to this business solution. Thus, benefits provided by the software are: Increase in productivity: This ERP significantly increased the employee productivity at Melco Crown Entertainment. Dynamics AX integrated all the application of various business entities, reducing the complexity. The conventional interface of Dynamic AX avoided the complexity of change management and training. Improvement in business processes and compliance: It has provided business process re-engineering and standardisation across all the entities. Most of the process are automated, making less labour work. Dynamic AX has provided a robust financial system with process and system controls, security, workflows and audit trial. The payroll for 10,000 employees is executed faster. The system also manages Macau and Hong Kong labour laws and tax requirements. Centralized Information management: Real time access to information has made Melco Crown Entertainment a tough competitor in the entertainment industry. With integrated and timely information availability has improved the decision making pocess, which helps in planning future goals. Lower IT costs: The company has been able to fulfil the demanding and critical business requirements with less hardware. Thus, IT team can focus on more business value jobs.

What Will Calixta do? Oh, What Will She Do? :: essays research papers

In the story â€Å"The Storm†, Calixta is the mother of a young boy and the wife of man who seems to be a wonderful husband. Bobinot, the husband, and Bibi, the child, go to the store and become stranded there as a storm passes through. What Calixta didn’t know was that she was going to get a visit from a friend, whom she hasn’t seen for a long period of time, while her family is at the store. As the storm begins, Alcee, the friend, approaches Calixta’s home and asks permission to wait on the gallery as the storm passes. As he waits for the storm to pass, the history between Calixta and Alcee is revealed when he mentions the time during Assumption where he kissed and kissed Calixta, but that was all that happened. During the storm, emotions are running wild and the attraction between Calixta and Alcee is so magnetic that it seems to intertwine their desires. Needless to say, they made love, and after the storm Alcee left and Bobinot and Bibi came back hom e shortly. The question that needs to be asked is will Calixta invite Alcee back into her home on occasions, knowing what she did with him in her family’s home, and also, will Calixta tell Bobinot or act as if nothing ever happened?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Calixta is a woman who seems to be searching for pleasure; men aren’t the only humans that deserve pleasure. She loves her husband but seeks to explore pleasure elsewhere. Alcee was an old flame who seemed to still be in love with Calixta, and she probably still felt an attraction towards him. There are many assumptions that can be made about her future actions. She could feel guilty and realize what she did was wrong and disgraceful towards Bobinot and confess her actions to him. Calixta could completely ignore Alcee, never invite him back into her home, and never tell Bobinot, because she doesn’t want to cause trouble in her home. Telling Bobinot what happened could cause a separation, but not telling him is morally wrong. Calixta may keep her actions a secret and only invite Alcee into her home when her husband and child are gone. I feel that Calixta will continually invite Alcee into her home, whether her husband and son are home or not home, and not tell Bobinot what happened. She will probably keep him close, as a friend and as a secret lover, so she will have someone to confide in other than her husband and have a lover to give her pleasure whenever she desires.

Afghan Women Revealed

In the year 2001 2002 the United States of America engaged in a political campaign for the war in Afghanistan. In her essay â€Å"To unveil the threat of terror†, Dana Cloud accuses the United States government to construct a hypocritical justification for the war in Afghanistan. The United States used the picture of veiled woman and children and presented them to the united citizens as oppressed and needing help. Dana Cloud argues that the real motif of the war was to obtain economical and geopolitical control of the territory of Afghanistan. In this essay we will analyze one of the photographs that played a big important role in the Afghanistan war campaign of the United States. Our goal here will not be to discuss the real reason of the war but to determine if the pictures really represented Afghan women and children as oppressed and needing help. We will then try to determine if the united states where in fact able to help this women. Based on our conclusion we will propose a more parsimonious property of these images: a property that all photographs possess and that Morris calls an express train to error. The afghan woman is a photograph of a young afghan girl taken by National Geographic photographs in a refugee camp in Afghanistan. The girl in the photograph is wearing a red torn burka and her piercing eyes are gazing at the viewer. Some say that she looks angry, others that she looks desperate and needs help. The truth is that we will never really know what she felt at that moment. But what we can be sure of in that picture is that if the United States had not gone to war in afghan we would not have been able to gaze at her photograph for the simple reason that in afghan culture, women are not allowed to show their faces. In an American perspective, the United States had helped this young afghan girl to be free and express her identity. Ironically although the picture promotes individuality and freedom, the picture also oppresses individuality and freedom as well. It possesses a dimension of individuated aggregate. They were no name in the photograph just â€Å"the afghan woman†. By naming the photograph the Afghan woman and publishing it in the United States Press, the photograph served as a representation of all the afghan women and thus ignored the specific individual represented in the photograph. An American citizen ignorant of afghan culture and proud of his own culture and belief will automatically perceive the girl in the photograph as freed and experience what Dana Could referred to as paternalism: a need to protect her. Thus we find that Dana could argument that the United States spread an image of savior during the 2001-2002 war campaign. Did they really save this girl, or the other afghan woman? The eyes of the Afghan girl had captivated the world so much that the National Geographic photograph that had taken her photograph was sent to search for her. Mc Curry says that he went first with his search team to the original place where the photograph was taken: the refugee camp of Nasir Bagh. A man who heard about the search told them he knew the girl in the picture. He claimed she was his childhood friend and that she had returned to Afghanistan near Tora Bora.. Mc curry was informed by the team that He told them that she was a childhood friend and that she went back to Afghanistan and in she had returned to Afghanistan years ago, he said, and now lived in the mountains near Tora Bora. When McCurry got to the place and saw her walk I the room he told himself: this is her. Thus â€Å"the girl with the piercing green eyes† or â€Å"the afghan girl† was identified. Her name was Sharbat Gula, and she was Pashtun, one of the most violent tribe of Afghanistan. Mc Curry took a new photograph of her and her eyes were still burning with ferocity. Her eyes were still sea green, big haunted and haunting green eyes. In them you could read the tragedy of a land drained by war not the relief and freedom that the United States should have brought with them. If the United States had helped this girl and the other women by going in war with the Taliban, this girl her eyes would have looked happier, less angry, or simply different. We would have noticed a change, but the only change we notice is the change of a girl into a woman. This change is not relevant to the United States going to war with afghan but to nature. When observing the afghan girl one should not make biased assumption. Although being unbiased is thorough, it is not impossible. While looking at the photo of the afghan girl a viewer should see all facets of the photograph or image being observed. While the photograph of the afghan woman portrays the oppression that afghan women experience, it also expresses the tragedy and struggled experienced by women in war. As Ell Morris described in his†¦. Photographs and images are an express train to error and believing is seeing. When one observes the photographs of the afghan women, one sees what he wants to see: a women that need help from the united states,a women that is angry, a women that is ravaged by a war ,a woman that is ashamed to show her face,a woman that is revolted. hey are so many interpretation that can be drawn from the afghan woman,but none of them can really grasp the reality that the photographs bring. it is just as ell morris said. While photograph reveals important some things, they hide or misrepresent others. Thus the photograph of the afghan woman has one very parsimonious property. a property that all photographs share: to represent a blurry reality. However although the photograph is not a real represe ntation of afghan woman, it remains true that they are oppressed and ravaged by the tragedy that is war.

Opposing the Atomic Bomb essays

Opposing the Atomic Bomb essays The bombing of Hiroshima by the United States was retaliation to the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. The U.S. wanted to make an example of Japan, so they dropped the most powerful bomb they had, not fully knowing what kind of devastation it would cause. Many people lost their lives and an entire city was economically devastated. Nuclear proliferation should be banned in order to prevent other countries from suffering the death and destruction like that of Hiroshima. Governments around the world have the power to regulate what kind of warfare is used during battle. However, by permitting the use of the atomic bomb, many innocent civilians are killed. Proponents of nuclear armament argue that one massive show of force results in fewer casualties overall compared to prolonged ground war, but the use of the bomb is still inhumane. In the case of Hiroshima, staticians said that at least 100,000 people had lost their lives and 37,245 had been injured. Although the use of nuclear proliferation is often used to set an example for the rest of the world, it causes intense suffering and death to many innocent civilians. Although many governments use atomic warheads to protect their own citizens from harm, the survivors of these atomic bombs are permanently affected. The effects of the bomb cause damage to physical health as well as emotions. Thousands of people suffer from severe burns, which leave terrible koloid scars. Others have broken bones, and many thousands more suffer from nausea and fatigue due to extreme radiation exposure. Many became very bitter as a result of seeing such death and destruction. Lastly, thousands of homes and business are destroyed resulting in a decline in the economy. Many people would be left homeless or living in shelters. These people would not be able to get back on their feet because they would all be out of jobs because there would be no businesses. After businesses ...

Personal Injury Litigation Essay Example

Personal Injury Litigation Essay Example Personal Injury Litigation Paper Personal Injury Litigation Paper Various developments in medical malpractice had taken place recently. One of these is the use of a CD-ROM based, interactive, anatomical program called A. D. A. M that allows any user to see and analyze the physiological parts of the human body. This program is used in various areas of medical schools in the United States. In a journal article entitled â€Å" A. D. A. M- The computer generated cadaver: A new Development in Medical Practice and Personal Injury Litigation† it stated that â€Å"A. D. A. M. and its female counterpart E. V. E. , use high-resolution graphics and color animation to show views of the human body from every conceivable angle simulating various traumas to the body. Utilizing a mouse, the A. D. A. M. user can point and click to reveal the various parts of the human body. †(Thapedi, 2007) The amazing part of this program is that allows attorneys to show injuries and surgeries in litigation. Moreover, in a Supreme Court’s decision in Rouse v. Pitt County Memorial Hospital, the attending physician may now be held responsible for resident’s negligence contrary to the practice before. In an article â€Å"Vicarious Liability† it states that â€Å"in addition to direct liability for negligent supervision of residents, the attending physician may now be vicariously liable under the borrowed servant doctrine for the negligence of his or her residents, even though the resident is providing treatment outside of the physical presence of the attending physician. † (Rabenau) There are also various developments in medical practice in other states including Maryland. Kaiser Daily Health Policy Report states that The Medical Mutual Liability Insurance Society of Maryland, the largest malpractice insurer in the state, plans to reduce premium rates for physicians by 8% in 2007, a move that would mark the first reduction since at least 1992, the AP/Washington Times reports. Medical Mutual cited a decreased number of malpractice claims as the reason for the planned reduction in premium rates. Kaiser Daily Health Policy Report states that â€Å"in Washington, D. C, physicians, hospitals and other health care providers soon will be required to report adverse medical events to a centralized public database created by the district health department in an effort to protect patients and improve care, the Washington Post reports. Under legislation passed by the district Council, doctors will have up to 60 days to report judgments and settlements related to malpractice allegations and any other disciplinary actions imposed by other states. †(Kaiser, 2007) BIBLIOGRAPHY Kaiser Daily Health Policy Report. 2007. Kaiser Daily Health Policy Report Highlights Recent Developments Related To Medical Malpractice In Four StatesMedical. medicalnewstoday. com/medicalnews. php? newsid=60287 (accessed February 26,2007) Rabenau, Karen. Vicarious Liability. Temporary Agency: The Borrowed Servant. nctrial. com/articles/rabenau/AppellateDevelopments/appellatedevelopments2. html (accessed February 26, 2007) Thapedi, Andre. 2007. A. D. A. M- The Computer Generated Cadaver: A New Development in Medical Malparactice and Personal Injury Malpractice. jcil. org/journal/articles/338. html. (Accessed February 26, 2007)

Voluntarily Assuming Liability under the Law of Contract Case Study

Voluntarily Assuming Liability under the Law of Contract - Case Study Example The classic test for the imposition of a duty of care was articulated in Caparo Industries v Dickman. Accordingly, a duty of care will exist only where there is foreseeability, proximity and if the imposition of a duty of care is fair and reasonable in the circumstances.   Norris argues that in applying the test articulated in Caparo, it is necessary to determine whether or not a duty of care was assumed by the defendant and whether or not it was reasonable for the plaintiff to rely on the defendant’s assumption. It is important to note, however, that the assumption of responsibility and reliance on the duty are not conclusive evidence of the existence of a duty of care, but maybe â€Å"one of the ways in which the necessary degree of proximity may arise.† On the facts of the case for discussion, Alan asked John to take his keys from him if he drank too much that night at John’s house. The two proceed to drink two bottles of wine followed by brandy coffee.   It was stated how the wines were proportioned out between them and whether or not Alan drank too much throughout the evening.   Regardless, Alan indicated that he felt able to drive and nothing was made of it.   In any event, it does not appear that the consumption of alcohol had anything to do with the accident.   The fallen tree was the cause of the accident and the main question is whether or not, John’s call to Allan caused him to collide with the fallen tree and whether or not John assumed responsibility for preventing personal injury to John when he placed that telephone call.

Incresing Motivation, Satisfaction, and Performance Essay

Incresing Motivation, Satisfaction, and Performance - Essay Example The plan is organized into three phases, with the first starting in January and ending in March, the second starting in April and ending in June while the third spans from July to December. The plan is fundamentally based upon the assumption that making workers’ satisfied makes them motivated for work and enhanced their performance. The plan January to March: The first phase would be subdivided into three phases, each phase representing one month starting from January. In January, an in-depth analysis of the literature will be made to make myself aware of the numerous motivational theories and models. One of the most used motivational model is the Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs depicts some of the basic needs of every human being. The model emphasizes that an individual’s motivation is linked with the fulfillment of these needs. The model also stresses that once a lower level need has been satisfied, the individual tends to gain the satisfaction with respect to the higher level needs until he/she starts to self-actualize which is actually a stage, when motivation comes into play (NetMBA, 2010). In February, I would develop a questionnaire and take sufficient time to modify that in order to get exactly what I require from the people through it. One of the most useful tools to measure the level of satisfaction that people maintain in an organizational environment or members of a team generally maintain is the staff survey (Chapman, 2009). In addition to the information retrieved from the questionnaires, the whole process of consulting the staff and making them feel involved in a research lends them a feeling of satisfaction as well as increases their motivation and performance in the long run. Finally, the questionnaire would be distributed among the respondents and collected. March will be the phase of data analysis and evaluation for the potential satisfaction and motivation driving factors. I would see if the members with lesser satisfaction were as motivated for work as the members with more satisfaction. The questionnaire will assess each respondent’s level of satisfaction and motivation on a five point likert scale with 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 representing least satisfied, somewhat satisfied, satisfied, very satisfied, and extremely satisfied. The pattern would be inverse for motivation with 1 representing extremely motivated and 5 representing least motivated. By the end of the first phase, I would have measurable results telling me how members’ motivation and satisfaction levels compare with each other in a group setting. This phase will also rank some of the key drivers of satisfaction and motivation according to the team members’ responses to the questionnaires. April to June: Having established the influence of motivation upon satisfaction level and the inverse for the team members, I would assess ways to fulfill their demands with respect to the previously ranked driving factors. â€Å"Motivatio nal incentives act like stimulants and encourage employees to be positive minded and hence be more effective in their work† (Davoren, 2011). Money is one of the most fundamental stimulants for performance in all kinds of work settings, including individual and group work. That is why, managers frequently introduce monetary rewards as incentives for people to display better performance at work. Rewards may be given to individual employees by way of an increase in their pay or

Ethics Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethics Critique - Essay Example If the drivers are well understood, it is possible to justify the moral judgment using psychological research. However, some people will make moral judgment without being driven by anything but out of other factors such as influence. Sometimes, it may be impossible to differentiate if the decision was made for given motives or out of influence. In such cases, it becomes impossible to use psychological research to justify the moral judgment. This essay argues that the capability of psychological research to justify moral judgment depends on whether the motives and factors leading the judgment are understood. Psychological research which explains how human beings make moral judgments can be used to justify a given judgment or action. Although there is no clear reason, why people make certain choices and not others, people will tend to justify their actions depending on the circumstances. In Greene’s (363) opinion, humans wish to make judgments based on reasoning. However, most o f them end up making their decisions based on emotions. Therefore, if the emotions are well understood, it is possible to understand how humans will justify their actions, or the possible reasons that they will give for their actions. In Greene opinion, (364) â€Å"People tend to have emotional responses to personal moral violations, responses that incline them to judge against performing those actions.† However, it sometimes becomes hard to justify actions since some people make decisions without even thinking. It is only after making a decision that humans try to reason as they seek to justify their action or decide if it was right or wrong. Since it is well understood that people tend to make decisions depending on their intuitions, it only requires the researcher to understand the intuitions of the person making the decision to be able to tell the way they will justify their actions. Since there are no reasons for doing certain actions, it is possible to predict the way p eople will justify their moral judgment. It is possible to justify moral judgment using psychological research since people will justify actions as wrong or right depending on how the society views certain actions. Aristotle (173-174) claims that if a certain action is perceived to be wrong and a person commits it, it is obvious that he or she will try to find any reasons that will make the action appear right. Therefore, it only requires one to understand perceptions of the society regarding certain actions to be able to predict or tell how the doer of any action will justify it. Another reason why psychological research can be used to justify a given judgment is that some actions are performed out of obedience and not reason. It thus requires the researcher to know the motivation behind certain action. If an action of political aggression is performed, the doer will obviously justify the action by giving political reasons. For example, a dictator is likely to justify their dictato rial actions by demonstrating why humans require to be forced to act in a certain way. A person doing charity work will justify their actions by finding reasons on how their actions are helpful to others. Additionally, Milgram (184) posits that some actions are performed out of rebellion. If the researcher understands the nature of person performing a given action, then it is possible to justify the action without understanding the reason behind it. It only requires one to understand the nature of the person doing the action to be able to pre

Political Philosophy of Thomas Hobbes and Rene Descartes Essay Example for Free

Political Philosophy of Thomas Hobbes and Rene Descartes Essay Politics should be the application of the science Of man to the construction of the community Explain this remark and discuss what reasons there might be for thinking it is not trueIn this essay I intend to examine the political philosophy of Thomas Hobbes and Rene Descartes, in particular their ideas relating to the science of man, and attempt to explain why their ideas prove that it is not possible to construct a science of man. I will also briefly mention the philosophy of Donald Davidson in regards to a science of man. The theories of Hobbes and the contemporary socio-biologists attempt to recognise how man works and on that basis build a society. Hobbes wished to be seen as the inventor of the science of politics (Sorrell, p45) He went about this by looking at the psychology of man and discovering that man is a mechanism. Hobbes wanted to understand mechanics. He wanted to look at why men live the way that they do in society and therefore, breaks it down. By doing this he discovered that people are cogs in the social machine. Therefore he wants to examine this cogs to achieve an understanding of the social mechanism, and does this by looking at the psychology of the mind. Hobbes is both an empirist and a materialist. Empirists believe that sense gives all knowledge. Generally, they do not believe in astrology, god, electrons etc. Their philosophy is summed up by saying that all things that give true knowledge can be sensed. Materialists believe that all things in existence are physical matter. In other words, the soul and the spirit do not exist. Therefore Hobbes believes that thoughts are material, that they are caused by sense and vice versa. Tom Sorrell suggests in his essay, entitled Hobbes scheme of the sciences, that rather than have knowledge of how the mechanics of the minds passions work, a more successful way of gaining political knowledge is to understand what these passions cause. They cause various degrees of action, with the possessor going to various extents to achieve what they want. In chapter six of De Corpere, Hobbes makes a connection between the knowledge of the principles of politics and the knowledge of the motions of the average human mind. Hobbes account of political science is an idea of what man must do if his goal is self-preservation. These ideas are not what mankind will do but what it will have to do, in a rational way, to form a political civilisation. One would assume that as Hobbes identifies both a natural science (that of the work of nature), and a civil science that of the common wealth (which makes laws and wills), he would suggest that they are parallels which, in political philosophy, work together. However, there are a few problems with Hobbes theory. Hobbes suggests that a monarch makes a better sovereign than an assembly. Yet, surely he would not agree that a monarch who is not dedicated would be better suited than a group of thoughtful representatives. A politically secure society is built up from its people. Hobbes believes that these people all have one motivation; self-gain, or to be more precise self-preservation. Hobbes suggests that there is a link between voluntary motion and vital motion. He goes on to say that senses work together with the vital motions to produce that which is voluntary, i.e. an endeavour. These endeavours can be categorised in two ways; attractions and aversions. An example of an attraction is to pick up a piece of cake because it looks good. That of an aversion is to run away from a dog because you are scared of dogs. As it is possible to see these actions are derived from the senses, again agreeing with Hobbes empirist theory. Endeavours are the small motions within man which occur before he walks, talks, runs or carries out any other voluntary motion. These endeavours are so small that they are undetectable. By understanding why men act the way that they do, it is easier to come to a conclusion as to how society should be structured. However, the idea that the existence of a science of man can be questioned suggests that society can be constructed without it. This is due to the fact that many psychological and political theories are founded on the basis that there is a science of man. Without this science of man these theories are in turn questioned and therefore cannot be viably backed as reasons for the construction of the community. Another prolific philosopher whose arguments should be taken into account is Rene Descartes. Descartes thinks that we, as humans, are made up of two separate substances. The body is the physical stuff and the mind the res cogitans (thinking thing) purely mental stuff. The res cogitans can will your body to move. The difficulty with Descartes theory is that the mind and body interact; if you pour boiling water on you hand, you will feel pain. Again we have to take into account voluntary and vital motions. A voluntary motion is me moving my arm. A vital motion is my arm moving. I move my arm because I want to; but I may not necessarily want it to be moved. This can happen for a number of reasons. It may be possible that I have a muscle spasm in my arm or that somebody moves it. All of this suggests that for Descartes theory to be correct there must be some kind of connection between a material substance (the body) and an immaterial substance (the mind). However, we will find it impossible to understand the idea of a science of man if we cannot understand how the two substances interact. Therefore, again, we have no proof that it is possible to build a political philosophy on the basis of a science of man. On p213 of Davidson , we find an explanation of monisms and dualisms. Theories are thus divided into four sorts: nomological monism, which affirms that there are correlating laws and that the events correlated are one (materialists belong in this category); nomological dualism, which compromises various forms of parallelism, interactionism and epiphenominalism; anomalous dualism which combines ontological dualism with the general failure of laws correlating the mental and the physical (cartesianism). And finally there is anomalous monism which shows an ontological bias only in that it allows the possibility that not all events are mental, while insisting that all events are physical. The final position is that which Davidson himself follows. Davidsons argument suggests that the psychology of man does not follow any causal laws. Therefore, it is impossible to impose any rationality on theories involving the mind. These anomological psychological states are defeasable. They are defeasable because it is possible that by adding another condition to the situation the expected behaviour changes. Therefore it is impossible to agree with any political philosophy that involves the necessity of a science of man. What is easily discovered is that there are many different political philosophies and many different concepts as to what is a science of man. Philosophers such as Hobbes and his counterparts, Mill and Marx, possess the shared assumption that political philosophers must accept the political opinion that they are arguing for. They all think that rational agents must accept their arguments yet they all have different arguments. They all believe that for a successful political structure human nature cannot be ignored, if the structure is to command respect. As I have shown, Descartes and Davidson on the other hand, believe that a science of man is impossible; Descartes because he believes that our minds are immaterial and Davidson because mans behaviour follows no causal laws. All of this shows us that trying to interpret mans actions and apply them to a science is an impossible conquest. Man is too complicated a mechanism to understand and therefore political philosophy, for a sensible and rational social structure, must be founded on another basis.

Optimum Temperature for Catalase in Potato

Optimum Temperature for Catalase in Potato Hydrogen peroxide is a common by-product produced during metabolism in living organisms. On accumulation, hydrogen peroxide can have various implications on living cells such as skin disorders (Schallreuter Rokos 2006). Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide gives out harmless water and oxygen, as shown by the equation 2H2O2 (aq) ÃÆ' ¯Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   2H2O (l) + O2 (g). The rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is low and it can be increased by an enzyme called Catalase. An enzyme is essentially a biological catalyst that can increase the rate of reaction but remains chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction (Pang 1997, p.63). Catalase readily speeds up the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide at a rate of millions of hydrogen peroxide molecules per second (Goodsell 2004). It is particularly important in liver cells and kidney cells for removal of any toxins present in the blood stream to maintain health (Alberts et al. 2002). By varying the temperatures using water baths and measuring the time taken for first bubbling and when bubbling remains constant, the rate of breakdown of hydrogen peroxide can be calculated by the reciprocals of the measured time. The temperature at which the reaction rate is the greatest is referred to as optimum temperature (Pang 1997, p.70). That is the say, enzyme catalase catalyses the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide the most effectively at this temperature. Aims In this experiment, the influence of temperature on the activity catalase is examined. We aim to find out how its activity changes over a range of temperatures, in order to establish the optimum temperature of this enzyme catalysed reaction. Methods Equipment Water bath (10 °C, 35 °C, 45 °C, 60 °C) Ice Beakers x2 (for the ice bath) Thermometer (to ensure that the ice bath is Test tubes x10 Non-permanent marker Timer Hydrogen Peroxide x200mL Cork Borer Scalpels Watch glasses Aluminium Foil Ruler Potato Pipettor Safety Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) is corrosive and hence safety glasses must be worn to prevent eye contact. The decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide would produce pure oxygen so combustible materials must be kept well away. Experimental procedures Set up the following apparatus according to the following conditions: Test Tube Temperature A B 35 °C C 45 °C D 60 °C E Room temperature Label the test tubes to be used, according to the above table. Cover the stock H2O2 with aluminium foil to prevent decomposition under light. Prepare enzyme catalase by inserting through the centre of the potato, with aid of a cork borer. Using the scalpel and ruler, cut 1cm pellets of potato that was extracted with the cork borer. Half-fill a beaker with tap water and add in crushed ice to make water bath for A. Wait for several minutes to allow stabilization of temperature. Insert test tube A, leave for a 3 minutes before using the 10mL pipette to add 8mL H2O2 to the test tube. Add the 1cm pellet of potato to the test tube. Start the timer and record the time required for the first bubbling to occur and the time when the amount of bubbles produced remain constant. Record all observations. Repeat steps 6-8 for test tubes B to E but without addition of ice. Put them directly into the water baths available in the laboratory. Repeat steps 4-10 twice, recording all observations and results. Average the results obtained for test tubes A-E in each experiment (ignoring outliers), and plot your results against temperature. Extrapolate the graph to determine the optimum temperature for enzyme activity. Discussion To achieve results with greater accuracy, we have taken several precautions. Firstly, I was the person who recorded the time throughout the experiment and this could avoid discrepancy caused by different reaction times among individuals. Secondly, the use of cork borer might ensure uniform sizes of potatoes so that the amount of catalase would be relatively the same. Thirdly, stock H2O2 solution was wrapped to reduce unwanted decomposition under light. Fourthly, test tubes with potatoes were put into the water baths for a few minutes before adding H2O2 and this allowed the temperature of the content to reach that of the water baths. Lastly, no temperature was applied to tube E (at room temperature) and it acted as a control to show that the changes in activity of catalase resulted from changes in temperatures. From our results, enzyme activity is low at very low (0.5 °C) and high (61.2 °C) temperatures. At very low temperatures, substrate and enzyme molecules lack energy for collisions and hence binding to catalase reactions; and at very high temperatures, the alteration of the binding site of enzyme sets in and the denatured enzyme catalyses reactions with decreasing efficiency (Pang 1997, p.70). The optimum temperature for catalase activity was around 35.3 °C, as indicated by the peak in figure 2. This agrees with the research conducted by Yumoto et al. (1999, p.67), in which catalase works the best at about 30 °C. However, this does not agree with our findings from figure 1 (optimum temperature at around 40 °C), whereas the peak activity occurs at 35.3 °C and 43.5 °C. This might be explained by the fact that first bubbling occurred within a few seconds on addition of H2O2 to potato and it was difficult to measure this time precisely. Therefore, the time taken for bubbling remained constant might be a better representation of our experimental outcomes. As regards the observations, it is evident that the colourless gas bubbles are oxygen and the reason why potato sank to the bottom might be explained in terms of density. As dilute H2O2 solution was used, the density of solution can be assumed to be equal to water, which is approximately 0.9970gcm-3 at room temperature (Aylward Findlay 2008, p.154). It is reasonable to predict that potato is essentially denser than water and thus it sinks. However, the gaseous oxygen produced on the surface of the potato can produce an upthrust to push the potato upwards (Goodwin 2002). Therefore the potato temporally floats on the surface. When the gaseous oxygen is discharged at the surface, the effect of density takes priority again, causing the potato to sink. Despite of careful design of our protocol, some experimental errors could have arisen. The 8ml H2O2 was added on a 4ml basis by a pipettor and the timer was started at the first addition. In other words, the measured time could have differed from the actual one by several seconds. This inaccuracy might be improved by the use of graduated pipette so that the 8ml solution could be added via one addition without any delays. Moreover, we forgot to dry the test tubes completely in some of our trials and this could have caused dilution of the H2O2. This error could be fixed by the use of long cotton sticks to dry the inner parts of the test tubes. Furthermore, the judgements of whether or not the amount of bubbles remained relatively the same might be subjective and this problem could be solved by addressing our focus on the volume of oxygen evolved instead. For example, we might collect the oxygen over water and measure the volume of it every 30 seconds for 5 minutes with a calibrated syr inge (Morris 2006). In this way, we might achieve a better measurement of the reaction rate. From this defect in the design, I realized the importance of consulting more sources rather than relying on our own knowledge as we lack experience in experimental design. Conclusion In conclusion, enzyme catalase exhibits low activity at low temperatures (0.5 °C) and high temperatures (61.2 °C). Its activity is the greatest at around 35 °C. The experimental set-up was generally satisfactory to minimize errors except of some defects such as the methodology in measuring the rate of the reaction. It is suggested that more research should be done in designing the experimental protocol.

Zora Neale Hurston, Alice Walker, and Paule Marshall :: essays papers

Zora Neale Hurston, Alice Walker, and Paule Marshall Alice Walker, through her essay "In Search of Our Mothers' Gardens", and Paule Marshall, in "Poets In The Kitchen", both write about the African-American women of the past and how these women have had an impact on their writing. Walker and Marshall write about an identity they have found with these women because of their exposure to the African culture. These women were searching for independence and freedom. Walker expresses independence as found in the creative spirit, and Marshall finds it through the spoken word. Walker and Marshall celebrate these women's lives and they see them as inspirations to become black women writers. Zora Neale Hurston's "Sweat" embodies some aspects that are found in Walker's and Marshall's essays. Delia, the main character, has an identity that is found through her hard work and spirituality. She also finds her freedom and independence in her home. It is essential to first analyze Walker's and Marshall's essays through each of the themes of identity, independence, and inspiration, respectively. Then these themes will be drawn out of Hurston's work to show the similarity between each of these writers' works. Walker and Marshall write about an identity that they have found with African-American women of the past. They both refer to great writers such as Zora Neale Hurston or Phillis Wheatley. But more importantly, they connect themselves to their ancestors. The see that their writings can be identified with what the unknown African-American women of the past longed to say but they did not have the freedom to do so. They both admire many literary greats such as Charles Dickens, Virginia Woolf, and Jane Austen, but they appreciate these authors' works more than they can identify with them. Walker's and Marshall's identification is related to the African-American culture that they have been exposed to throughout their lives. Walker states that: Therefore we must pull out of ourselves and look at and identify with our lives the living creativity some of our great-grandmothers were not allowed to know. I stress some of them because it is well-known that the majority of our great-grandmothers knew without even "knowing" it, the reality of their spirituality, even if they didn't recognize it beyond what happened in the singing at church (Walker, 1996: 2318-2319). Walker delves into the subconscious and ever-present spirituality that is found in African-American women and she believes that it is important to identify with this.

Conflict Reflection

University What makes an effective, moral, and efficient leader? Over the last several years in the workforce I have tried to learn what it takes to have strong leadership in the workforce. The way I see it leadership is made of many different parts which have been taken from many different areas. Things such as reading, training, and various programs that we have taken part in while in the workforce that are meant to enhance our leadership capabilities.Leadership from my perspective is made up of any different things such as being open minded, how we work and interact with others, being open to lifelong learning from any meaner, being a collaborator, having vision, and you must be willing to take risks when necessary. I have been working hard to become a better leader and feel like I make more and more progress all the time. I have learned that a key part of this is how you work with others. I have also learned that a definite key to to success it having characteristics such as inte grity, education, knowledge, skill, and determination.I am still learning and want to learn and improve more every day. Introduction: While preparing to do this paper I used a few different sources to complete the research that allowed me to complete this paper. I first read the text from the course, which lead me to the web sites kissers. Com and outfielders. Com/big five. I was able to take the information from these three sources to make a pretty accurate assessment of my leadership style, my strengths, and of my weakness. This information will help me to better understand and make a plan for me to become a better leader for the future.Test Result Kissers Style Sorter: When took the personality on the Kerrey website, my personality type was labeled as n idealist. I was not really sure that I agreed with this until I really sat down and read the assessment. When I reflected on what I though this meant I was not sure that this was a good or bad thing. I really though that this was not necessarily a good thing and was really beginning to doubt my abilities as a leader. After reading the assessment I realized that this was much more me that I ever really thought it could be.I believe that being an idealist can be considered and amazing strength. Being an idealist shows that I not only strive to develop myself but that I strive to be the best that I can be. In striving to be the best this also meaner wanting to help others. Others, and they want to help them reach their full potential in many area such as learning, counseling, social services, personal work, Journalism, helping others find their way, and helping them to reach their maximum potential. Idealists are also very ethical. In today's business environment all to often ethics continue to be an issue.It is very hard sometimes to determine the difference between right and wrong and choosing the hard right over the easy wrong. Idealists' still find a way to hold themselves to the highest standard of persona l integrity. Idealists are also very kind people who show love and good will to most all people. They believe in being warm and giving to others, this leads to good friendly and loving relationships. They are one of the smallest populations and a very rare group only making up 15 to 20 percent of the population.Big Five Personality Test When I took the Big Five Personality Test, one of the strengths that I found was in the area of conscientiousness. When I scored a 78 in this area and was very proud of that. There are many things that I would love to say that I have strengths in, and this is definitely one of them. I would to think that I and reliable and self-disciplined and this assessment showed me that I truly am. As I went through these assessments I realized that there are many areas that I could use some growth in.I will not say that I was not shocked by some of them but seeing as how I answered the questions very honestly I figure that they must be pretty honest results. I r eally had in some of the areas sort off hard pill to swallow but I have done so and hope to use forward and use this to my advantage. On the Big Five assessment the score showed I was extremely closed minded, and his came as a shock to me. I always considered myself to be a person who was open to new ideas and new experiences. I now can see with the way that answered these questions that that must not be the case.I now know that I need to start looking at things and thinking about them before I make a final decision. I need to learn that I should not Just have the attitude that it is my ideas or my way or nothing. This attitude can be a big turn of to all of those who I work with, whether they are above or below me. I also was truly shocked to find out that this assessment show me to be an introvert. I had always considered myself to be an extrovert, this is the third time I have taken an assessment that has show me to be Just the opposite.This is something that I definitely need to work on and I am not even sure how to fix it, as I don't really see it. I guess how I can grow in this and the previous area is Just to sit down and talk frankly with those that I work with. I can pose the issue to them and assure them that I would like them to address this subject freely so that I am able to correct the issue and move forward. If I do not find away to address and correct these issues it will have a great impact n how effective that I am in my Job. If people think that I am closed minded and introverted they will never want to approach me.If I people perceive me to be unapproachable and closed off this could lead to issues that need to be address being put on the back burner. This could lead too lack of productivity and an unhealthy work environment. Overall I found these results to be shocking. Some of the areas on the assessment ultimately I am happy with the results because I may have otherwise never seen where these weaknesses lie. This helped me to see that I have both strengths and knees and how I can impact both sides for the positive.